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 Buddhism in Economics
The Economics of Buddhism
Who is the Buddha?
The word “Buddha” means an enlightened person, one who knows the truth clearly and who uses that truth to enlighten beings, so that beings can practice it to be free from all suffering.
The word “Buddha” means an enlightened one, which has two meanings:
1- An enlightened person who has a recognized history and has been preserved as a document
for humanity. The Buddha was the son of King Suddhodana and Queen Mahamaya of the city of Kapilavastu. When he was 16 years old, he married Queen Yasodhara or Bhimpa.
When he was 29 years old, he had a son named Rahula. At the same time, he set out to search for the truth. This act took 6 years to achieve enlightenment or encounter the truth, which is a very mysterious dharma. After enlightenment, he declared Buddhism, the state of the Dhamma: established a Sangha in the world. At the same time, he traveled everywhere to spread Buddhism for 45 years, until he passed away and entered Nirvana at the age of 80.
2- The Buddha was the only teacher in the world. He fulfilled the ten virtues, which are all goodness and dignity. Finally, he realized the truth, which is the supreme dharma in Buddhism, and was recognized as the "Buddha". It is this Buddha who is the founder of Buddhism.
What is Buddhism?
We all, as Buddhists, already know that Buddhism is "the teaching of the Buddha." The word teaching itself is called "Dhamma", which means law, nature, the sustaining nature of the world, etc. It is not a refuge for prayer, worship, or the Om mantra, nor does it require Buddhists to worship any deity or deity.
Translated as “law,” Buddhism is a theory of law, a repository of universal laws, with articles written as rules and permits with perfectly reasonable justifications for beings to follow in order to achieve happiness in this world, the next, and Nirvana.
Translated as “nature,” Buddhism is a theory of nature that reveals the truth of nature: humans, animals, water, earth, fire, wind, air, forests, mountains, rivers, and seas, all that exist in the world of gods, Brahma, Yama, and the moon, sun, and stars, so that beings can know and understand the causes and effects of nature according to their true nature, which is the most essential issue for life, body, birth, and the materials around them.
Which translates to "the world's sustaining nature" is Buddhism, a theory that explains good and bad deeds, merit and demerit, that is, the actions of beings, which are the causes that lead to happiness, suffering, destruction, and progress in this world, the next world, and in Nirvana.
On the other hand, Buddhism is a philosophy of the world, a philosophy that frees beings from ignorance, oppression, and suffering, especially from birth, aging, illness, and death. Buddhism is a realist or naturalist religion, true to life and the world, because Buddhist theory only talks about the truth of nature, the causes of nature, the movement of nature, and karma. The word nature in Buddhist theory does not mean the same as in natural science, but rather has a broader meaning for the entire world.
Therefore, Buddhism is a philosophical system, with a method of studying the correct object of study from beginning to end, with a unified scientific method according to the level of the Sangkat, which is collectively called the Preah Pitaka, namely, the Sutras, the Disciplines, the Abhidhamma, which consists of 84,000 Dhammas, which are summarized in the shortest possible time in only three things:
1- All sins, deeds, and actions that do not commit all sins.
2- The acquisition of good qualities, the fulfillment of good deeds.
3- The purification of the mind, the purification of the mind, these are Buddhism.
In terms of human education, Buddhism emphasizes the current life. It explains the punishment of various destructions, the occupation that leads to punishment, the factors that are the means to bring wealth and prosperity, and the path as a way of practicing to live in the current life, etc.
The theory of Buddhism or the Three Precepts, which are abbreviated as Dhamma, is divided into three study methods:
1- The method of training to develop excellence in conduct, called sila sikha
2- The method of training to develop unity of mind, called citta sikha
3- The method of training to develop intellectual ability, called panna sikha.
These three methods, with the truth of Dhamma, are summed up in the four noble truths, the Four Noble Truths: 4 of which are:
1- The truth of suffering, suffering is the truth, the cause of suffering is the truth, the duty is to be established.
2- The truth of the origin of suffering is the truth, the duty is to be abandoned.
3- The truth of the cessation of suffering, the truth, the duty is to be made clear.
4- The truth of the path, the truth, the cessation of suffering is the truth, the duty is to be developed.
These 8 Noble Truths are the sum total of 84,000 dhammas.
These 4 Noble Truths are Buddhism, a world theory with a profound and vast meaning, absorbing all the movements of the world. Although there are many dhammas, there are 84,000 dhammas, but their purpose is only to help solve and alleviate social problems.
According to the economic theory of Western scholars, the purpose of the economy is to fulfill human needs.
The Dharma