Buddhist Philosophy in Economics
Who is the Buddha?
The word “Buddha” means an enlightened person, one who knows the truth clearly and uses that truth to enlighten beings so that they can practice it to be free from all suffering.
The word “Buddha” means an enlightened person, which has two meanings:
1- An enlightened person who is historically recognized and has been preserved as a document for humanity. The Buddha was the son of King Suddhodana and Queen Mahamaya of the city of Kapilavastu. When he was 16 years old, he married Queen Yasodhara or Bhimpa. When he was 29 years old, he had a son named Rahula. At the same time, he set out to search for the truth. This act took 6 years to achieve enlightenment or encounter the truth, which is a very mysterious dharma. After enlightenment, he declared Buddhism, the state of the Dhamma: established a Sangha in the world. At the same time, he traveled everywhere to spread Buddhism for 45 years until he passed away and entered Nirvana at the age of 80.
2- The Buddha had the position of the only teacher in the world. He fulfilled the ten virtues, which are all goodness and dignity. Finally, he realized the truth, which is the supreme dharma in Buddhism, and was recognized as the "Buddha". It is this Buddha who is the founder of Buddhism.
What is Buddhism?
As Buddhists, we all know that Buddhism is the "teachings of the Buddha." The teaching itself, called "Dhamma," which translates to law, nature, the sustaining force of the world, etc., is not an object for prayer, worship, or the mantra Om, nor does it require Buddhists to worship any deity or deity.
Translated as "law," Buddhism is a theory based on law, a repository of universal laws, containing rules and regulations that are perfectly reasonable and reasonable for beings to follow in order to achieve happiness in this world, the next world, and Nirvana.
Translated as "nature," Buddhism is a theory based on nature, revealing the truth of nature: humans, animals, water, earth, fire, wind, air, forests, mountains, rivers, and seas, all of which exist in the world of gods, Brahma, Yama, and the moon, sun, and stars, so that beings can Know, know, know the causes, effects, and consequences of nature according to its true nature, which is the most essential issue for life, body, one's birth, and the materials around one.
Which translates as the nature of the world, Buddhism is a theory that shows good and bad deeds, merit and demerit, that is, the actions of beings, which are the causes that lead to happiness, suffering, destruction, and progress in this world, the next world, and in Nirvana.
On the other hand, Buddhism is a world-oriented philosophy, a philosophy that transfers beings from ignorance, oppression, and suffering, especially from birth, aging, illness, and death. Buddhism is a realistic or naturalistic religion, which is true to life and the world because Buddhist theory only talks about the truth of nature, the causes of nature, the movement of nature, and karma. The word nature in Buddhist theory does not mean the same as in natural science, but has a broader meaning for the entire world.
Therefore, Buddhism is a world philosophy with a system, a proper object of study, a unified science and method according to the level of the community, which is collectively called the Preah Pitaka, the Sutta, the Discipline, the Abhidhamma, which contains 84,000 Dhammas. The theory in Buddhism or the Preah Tri Pitaka, which is abbreviated, is called Dhamma, and this Dhamma is divided into three methods of study, namely:
1- The method of study and training to create excellence in behavior, called sila sikha
2- The method of study and training to create unity of mind, called citta sikha
3- The method of study and training to create intellectual ability, called panna sikha.
These three methods, with the truth of the truth, are summarized in the four noble truths or noble truths: 4 of which are:
1- The truth of suffering, suffering is the truth, and the duty is to be determined.
2- The truth of the cause of suffering is the truth, and the duty is to be abandoned.
3- The truth of the cessation of suffering is the truth, the truth of the duty to be made clear.
4- The truth of the path is to be practiced to eliminate suffering is the truth, the duty to be developed.
These eight noble truths are the sum of the 84,000 dhammas. These four noble truths are Buddhism, a world theory with a profound and vast meaning, absorbing all the movements of the world. It is true that there are as many as 84,000 dhammas, but their only purpose is to help solve and alleviate social problems. According to the economic principles of Western scholars, the purpose of the economy is to fulfill human needs.
Khravasadhamma
Khravasadhamma is the dharma or law for householders to hold or act according to. Householders who are householders always have wives, children, and grandchildren who are members of their respective families. The members always have different personalities, even though they are of the same blood. Some are fun-loving and talkative, some like to joke and joke, some like to lie to others and use all kinds of tricks, some are honest, some like to be quiet, not wanting anything excessive that is contrary to the character of their parents. That is why the Buddha The family practice of the Dharma is explained in the following order. In terms of Buddhist economics, the order is as follows:

Lessons on the Dharma, Three Benefits
1- The Dharma view, benefits, economics for the present life.
2- The Samaraika, benefits, economics for the new life.
3- The Paramatma, benefits, economics for the life of Nirvana.
The reader should know that the three types of economics, in terms of the order in which they should be practiced, should be practiced first, next, and last.
As for Buddhism, it has mentioned the moral precepts related to the economic precepts for the present life, namely:
The lower economic precepts are to teach people to strive to establish themselves, expand their position to be strong, and be strong in the economic status, which is to meet human needs. The Buddhist doctrines that are seen in relation to the economy of each individual, family or society in general are as follows:
The view of present benefits, benefits in the present. The Buddha spoke to Tikhajanumana when he went to bow down and said to him, "I am a householder, a manager of a house, a house, a wife and children, and I need to find wealth to support my family. Please show me some Dhamma for the householder in the present and the Dhamma that should be practiced in the next world." At that time, the Buddha spoke about benefits in both the present and the next world.
The view of present benefits (benefits in the present) is about preparing oneself to have a strong position to live comfortably in this world, and is about teaching oneself to be strong through the economy, which has four elements:
1. The pursuit of wealth, both tangible and intangible. Countries in the world have done and are doing short-term production to increase the number of products that meet the needs of both domestic and foreign countries. Production can take place and provide sufficient products. Only when there is courage and hard work can there be food to meet the needs of the body. For the ancients told us, “Don’t wait for tomorrow, do what you have to do.” The Buddha taught us: Don’t rely on six reasons:
1. It’s too early
2. It’s too late
3. It’s too thirsty
4. It’s too hungry
5. It’s too hot
6. It’s too cold
The Buddha further reminded us that
“Viryana dukkha matchiti” “If you want to be free from suffering, you must strive” for every task.
The proverb of the scientific era says, “Strive against nature, .. heat, cold, pain” and don’t be discouraged.
2. Spirituality, knowing how to save wealth or being thrifty, can lead to saving money to avoid various distractions and will be able to process and reap the benefits of the wealth that you have. In every country in the world, there are places for people to deposit their wealth, which are called banks, so that people can save their wealth. Depositing wealth in banks is not only to prevent wealth from being destroyed, but also to cultivate the fruits of old wealth (interest).
3. Good friends, knowing how to associate with good friends or to make good friends: this is very important. Associating with bad people is the cause of all destruction. If you associate with good people, you can help find happiness in both wealth and fortune according to your skills. In a company or cooperative, the selection of members must only take good members, otherwise they will not achieve results. The cooperative or company will inevitably collapse.
4. Moderation, knowing how to spend money appropriately: of wealth or learning to live in a state of peace or moderation, always meaning that spending wealth does not exceed the wealth you earn. If you earn less, spend less, and avoid unnecessary spending and save some for future poverty, that is, do not spend more than your income.
Families and nations that will grow and develop only by spending their wealth, both the family and the nation, must be careful in what they do not spend and try to use what they produce themselves. The preference for only foreign goods that are not necessary leads to a loss of national currency.
These four views of Dhamma and Benefits are the basis for solving life's problems and a big step towards progress. However, progress can be rapid only if an economist or businessman has three more characteristics.
Three characteristics of a businessman
The Buddha showed three characteristics of a businessman to become wealthy, rich, and loved by many people to avoid some views that the Buddha only teaches people about karma, results, merit, and demerits, and that is why most of his followers are poor. In some cases, the Buddha expressed the virtues of doing business, such as selling, by clearly stating that if a seller has three virtues, they will definitely get high profits. In order for their business to run smoothly, the public should follow the direction of the three virtues, namely:
1. Pannachakkhu is a person who is intelligent, has good eyes or bright eyes, especially one who knows the rules of economics and business, that is, they know how to sell, buy, and how to make a lot of money. In particular, they are knowledgeable and skilled in business, how to make a profit, how to make a loss, and know the times, such as knowing the seasons of each business. Knowing the place to sell, that is, this place sells high, that is, this place sells low, and knowing the needs of the people in each place, what they need to buy, what they need to buy, and so on.
2. Viravarambha is a person who is diligent, diligent in the work they are doing, not delaying beyond the time of the business and the needs of the people.น. A person with technical thinking, cleverness, such as buying things at a low price and selling them at a high price.
3. Sanatho is a person with many resources, a person who is popular with many people, has many friends, and is able to convince people of all walks of life. He has faith and trust, and is willing to fight to the death together. If he has these three qualities, he will always bring wealth to those who follow him.
If he has these qualities, he must strive to avoid shame, which is the cause of the destruction of wealth.
Avoiding shame (the cause of the destruction of wealth) 4 things
1. Refraining from sexual intercourse
2. Refraining from drinking alcohol
3. Refraining from gambling
4. Refraining from associating with bad people without educating or training them well.
These four things were revealed by the Buddha to teach people to be careful not to allow themselves to fall into harm. Every person, even in the whole country, no matter how much wealth and power they have, if they are only interested in women, alcohol, gambling, and factions, they are very corrupt and will see the results of destruction. Because these four causes cause a lot of destruction of wealth and time. For example, if a man is infatuated with a certain woman, he will always go to her and take her wealth to please her. Over time, he will become a diplomat and give up his job. If a government official sometimes goes to work and sometimes does not go. Finally, there is no advancement in position, sometimes he can compete with others because of that woman. Finally, wealth, power, and reputation will be destroyed and he will become a person without hope in life.
If we can practice the above principles, we will definitely have four kinds of happiness as follows:

The four kinds of happiness of the household

1. Happiness comes from having wealth

2. Happiness comes from spending wealth

3. Happiness comes from being debt-free

4. Happiness is born from working for free or doing business without guilt
These four characteristics demonstrate the importance of the economic element, namely, having wealth through one's own efforts, spending one's wealth without being in debt, doing business properly according to economic rules, not violating state laws, and not oppressing others. Wealthy people are always calm, using their wealth to support their families, and are always happy without having to borrow money from others. And the teacher will definitely be wealthy. On the contrary, a wealthy family will not last long because of four reasons.
A wealthy family will not last long because of four reasons:
1- Things are lost and not found.
2- Old things are dilapidated and cannot be repaired.
3- Not being prudent in using wealth.
4- Having a man or woman with no morals in the family.
The above four are the causes of destruction. No matter how wealthy a family is, if the people in that family lack economic wisdom or lack morality, do not care about lost things, damaged things can be repaired and used again, do not bother to let them go, use their wealth carelessly, especially the head of the family has no manners, order (morality), and will only lead to further destruction.
Not only the property is furniture, even non-furnished things such as houses, land, etc. are also in danger.
In the kalpa ritthit Parimitabanabhojna knows the limits of eating and using.
4. The supreme moral establishment appoints people with morality to be the head of the household.
The house is like a society and like a country. When there are bad leaders, the house, society, and country will inevitably be destroyed.
The Buddha tells the story of the misfortunes and happiness of a householder who has been managing a family for a long time. Whatever he does, he shows people how to manage their affairs, but it is an economy related to morality. It is said that people will become people with good morality only if they have food to provide for their physical needs. Human morality is very difficult to exist if each person's personal economy is not developed or is not conducted in a dignified manner. That is why the Buddha taught people to emphasize economics.
Please note that the economic essence of the current benefits of the first Buddha, namely, striving to do business to create wealth, is the same as the primary economic essence, which is Production.
Because economics was born after Buddhism, about a thousand years ago. The second essence is knowing how to store the wealth that has been acquired, and corresponds to the essence of saving wealth (Saving).
The third essence is knowing how to be friends, being honest, being smart, and thinking of helping each other. This essence is comparable to organizations, communities, and cooperatives that need to select individuals with high ideals among their members to lead as a governing body or board of directors within the framework of developing the lives of members by adhering to the common good. The last essence is to use and spend wealth to suit one's status or live only on that which in economic terms is called the House hold budget, which is translated as the family budget for private individuals. If the state is called
The nation economic budget, which is translated as the national budget. In short, it comes down to examining the balance between income and expenditure, in accordance with the Buddhist concept of balanced life, which is stated in the Dhamma, for the benefit of the present.
The Buddha Our Master, the Buddha, has explained five types of business that all Buddhists should refrain from and should not engage in:
1- Sattavaññāja, dealing in weapons for killing, namely making the weapons themselves or having others make them or obtaining them for some reason and selling them.
2- Sattavaññāja, dealing in people, namely people should not trade other people to become slaves of someone else or to serve their sexual desires or in any other form. All people have the same right to live freely.
3- Māmsavaññāja, dealing in meat, namely raising animals, such as pigs, and when those animals grow up, killing them and selling their meat.
4- Majjāññāja, dealing in intoxicants or drugs, namely mixing any substance to create alcohol yourself or buying it from someone and selling it.
5- Vishvanijja, dealing in poisons or poisoned drugs, is arranging poisons to be produced by oneself or having them mixed or obtained for any reason and selling the poisons or poisoned drugs.
These five types of business should not be engaged in by laymen, laywomen, and Buddhist monks because they cause insecurity and unrest. The trading of these five types of business is called mixed business or mixed business, which is contrary to the right business.
The dharma that brings about these four benefits to a person will bring prosperity and success to that person in this present life immediately.
These dharma are the source and a solid foundation for cultivating and sustaining global organizations, state organizations, and individual family organizations to develop and prosper. If any of these dharma is lacking, those organizations will inevitably be in trouble. In each state, there are many organizations such as economics, society, and politics. In the economic sector, such as industry and commerce, if all the leaders in the world lack dharma, the first is laziness, not making efforts in matters of duty, busy with each other, jealous of each other for personal gain, not trying to keep industry and commerce up to date, the economy cannot be immortal because there is still lying, corruption, theft, embezzlement, bribery, and confusion in the course of life. It is necessary to study and create classes to reach the level of moral education, to study according to the path of truth, in the third, fourth, and fifth stages, namely right speech, right action, and right conduct, for many years until the moral education is noble and pure, which is called noble character. If there is a lack of talent and a lack of talent, there is waste, there is no control over the place, there is always a lot of work, one person relies on another, still in the office, relying only on paper and lists, the results of industry and trade will be damaged, and the economy will decline.
If there are these two dharma, but the third dharma is good friends, there are dishonest people in the relationship with the seller, the buyer, there is fraud and deception for some reason, or there are corrupt colleagues who are in league with the buyer or seller, causing damage to the results of industry and trade, the economy will decline.
If there are enough dharma 1, 2, and 3, but the fourth dharma is samjhivat, there is more expenditure than income, through waste or by using too many employees due to inefficiency, which is an act that is done by only one person, we have 4 or 5 people, and it is not good anymore, or we buy too many items to get a percentage from the seller, while there is not enough money to buy other things, which leads to disruption of the process of industry and trade, the economy will decline.
When the economy declines because of one's own incompetence or because one is wicked and tries to raise the price of goods to counter it, it will cause even greater harm to society and consumers. This view of morality has a broad meaning for all the affairs of the world, as the small point above has already been brought to the fore.
(Work that is useful should be done, knowledge that is scarce should be practiced, unhappiness that is in oneself should be abandoned, and business that is profitable should be traded.)
Buddhist Economic Philosophy
Economics is a branch of knowledge that studies the physical growth (material growth) of humans. First of all, Buddhism is a theory oriented towards spiritual growth. Although economic stability plays an important role in daily life, Buddhism does not promote or encourage material growth because Buddhism teaches that everything is subject to change and is not permanent. For this reason, some people believe that Buddhism is a religion that does not contribute to economic progress and sows a pessimistic approach to the material development of the world.
The following are arguments in support of their view: 1- Buddhism is a religion that helps to make our lives in the next world happy and does not help to make our lives in this world prosperous.
2- Buddhism recognizes that this world is full of suffering and sorrow. Buddhism teaches a doctrine that helps to eliminate desires, which leads to the achievement of worldly progress.
3- The doctrine of "karma" in Buddhism is a barrier to the achievement of desires in this life.
4- The doctrines related to renunciation of worldly pleasures and the doctrines of living a simple life are obstacles to economic progress.
Because of this and the misunderstood, misunderstood, or ambiguous teachings of some of the facts contained in Buddhism, it has been declared that there is no economic philosophy in Buddhist theory. But when we examine this view, we come to the personal opinion that in the Dhamma that Buddhism teaches, there are many words related to the clear philosophy embedded in Buddhism regarding the individual in the socio-economic sphere.
No commentary on the Nowhere is it said that all the good principles taught in Buddhism are set in a framework or lead to a goal that ends only in the attainment of a happy outcome in the next life. Liberation from the cycle of birth and death, which is the ultimate goal of Buddhism, can be achieved in this world directly if one strives hard to achieve it. The Pali phrase “Dhammacari sukhum seti, asmi loke parantek” means that a person who leads a right life always lives happily in this world as well as in the next. This means that the happiness granted in the next world depends entirely on living a right and fruitful life in this world. Furthermore, there is no teaching in Buddhist theory that suggests that one must suffer in this life in order to enjoy happiness and prosperity in the next life. In the same way, the Buddha pointed out that all suffering in this world is not due to the influence of any deity, but is the result of one's own actions. On the other hand, Buddhism also clearly states that in order to overcome all suffering and stress in life, one must work hard and have a strong will.
When referring to karma, it is pointed out that this is not the only reason that affects human life on this earth. But karma is only one such influence. There is no point in thinking only about karma. Will and will should be given much higher priority than karma. This is what the Buddha taught his disciples on various occasions.
The philosophy of suffering as enshrined in Buddhist theory, karma, and the teachings on the hereafter is not a barrier to economic development, either individually or collectively.
Now let us examine the practical economics that Buddhism teaches us through its philosophy for successful living. The Buddhist economic philosophy, unlike modern economic principles, does not give importance only to material progress, but also focuses on the inner intellect of the individual.
Economics is the science that determines how the economic needs of the physical body of man are met in order to make man happy. The clear theory in this world is that “the resources of the world are limited, while the economic needs of man are unlimited.” This theory is also stated in Buddhism. In the Rattapalā Sutta of the Madhyamaka Nikāya, it is mentioned that the people of this world are not perfect and that they are not happy. They are slaves to desires. Western economists, who have raised the issue of limited resources and unlimited wants, have seized this opportunity to encourage consumers to consume more and more. Although this system is necessary for a capitalist economy, those with few needs see that the powerful and privileged are destroying resources, creating more and more economic problems. Buddhism supports the view that a simple life will help us use limited resources properly and solve the economic problems created by our unlimited wants and desires.
When it comes to Buddhist economic philosophy, the views expressed in the Buddhist theory of resources have become important perspectives. The criterion by which a person’s wealth can be measured is money. Money is used as a means to satisfy material wants and desires. Accordingly, Buddhist theory also accepts the view that in order to live a life of abundance, One should accumulate wealth in four stages. Buddhism speaks of the development of a person. One such opportunity is the opportunity to enjoy happiness. The Buddha also stated that wealth thus accumulated should be accumulated by hard work, and wealth thus acquired should be protected so that some of it is not wasted. This is stated in the Sutta of the Vajrayana and the Singhalavada Sutta. In the philosophy of Buddhist theology, the manner in which wealth should be accumulated and how money should be spent is clearly explained in Buddhist texts. According to the Singhalavada Sutta, the money saved should be spent first on food, clothing, housing, medicine, etc., so as not to cause hardship. In the same sense, the Buddha described in his teachings that the fact that a person spends his money on his needs and necessities... should make him feel that he has spent his money to attain happiness and that his wealth is being used for a good cause. This should give him both mental and physical happiness. There, the Buddha explained that the money saved should be spent for his own benefit as well as for the benefit of those under his care and those living with him, so that they do not suffer from hunger. The form of money saved How to spend money is discussed in the Apulekha Sutta of the Samyutta Nikaya.
In this view, it does not mean that Buddhism discourages people from spending their hard-earned money on daily needs. Instead, Buddhism promotes the view that wealth should be consumed for one’s own benefit as well as for the benefit of others. Thus, Buddhist philosophy encourages production. But what we must remember is that Buddhism does not approve of the accumulation of wealth without limits. The way in which production should be encouraged is not only through consumption but also through investment analysis. This view is clearly concluded by the statement that two-quarters of the money saved should be invested or saved for future use, deposited in a bank, etc. Although there are many ways in which money can be invested, the current line of thought tends to support the view put forward by Buddhist theory. But it is clear that the Buddhist approach to investment and the pursuit of wealth is different from the techniques prescribed in modern economics. When accumulating wealth or investing in various businesses, the idea of ​​what is right or wrong is not clarified by Western economic philosophy. The goal is only to make a profit. On the contrary, according to Buddhist economic philosophy, making money unfairly, by means of deception, and by means where the window of social benefit is not taken as the right way to make money. There are many references to the pursuit of wealth:
For example: dhammen dhammalatha “money earned by right means” seta vakti tehi “money earned by sweat and labor.” This view was approved and supported by the Buddha.
“Labor” is another aspect of production according to economics. Even in Buddhist economic theory, labor plays a very prominent role, and it has been shown that when high wages are paid to workers, production increases continuously. The Buddha constantly criticized those who only think about making profit by exploiting labor. In the Singhalavada Sutta, the Buddha clearly states that labor should be properly remunerated and that incentives (tea money, etc.) - etc. - should be given in a proper manner to the workers. The work assigned to the workers must be work that the workers can do or can perform.
When one considers the national level - and not the individual level or the individual level or the organizational level - the factors that contribute to economic progress seem to be already stated in Buddhist economic philosophy.
The Buddha rightly considers that the poverty of a country is caused by some imbalance that may exist in the distribution of wealth. If all the wealth in a country is held by only a limited section of society, urgent corrective measures must be taken. Because that situation can lead the country to poverty.
Similarly, the Buddha in the Chakravati Sihana Sutta addressed this topic and stated that the government's duty is to provide capital for entrepreneurs to invest money in the business of various enterprises. The government should also provide convenience to farmers, industrialists, etc. According to economic theory, taxes are an important source of income for the government. The government uses that income for welfare and development work. Buddhism, while accepting this ideology as a principle, also expressed a Buddhist perspective on this topic. The Buddha, when he gave a Buddhist sermon to the "Licchavi" king, stated that collecting taxes improperly is wrong and that taxes must be collected by the government from the people without adding to the burden of the people with the burden of taxes in the same way that bees suck honey from flowers without damaging or harming the flowers. The Buddha also said that it is the duty of the people to pay their taxes on time and without concealing the information about the tax payment. The word “rajapali” is used to denote the tax that must be paid to the state.
So we see that Buddhism, because of its clear economic philosophy, can be considered not only as a theory that talks about the afterlife, but also as a theory, a religion that talks about the ways and means for the further development of society and individuals. The Tripitaka is full of teachings that prove that Buddhism is not only about the afterlife, but also helps individuals and society to live a prosperous life in society because of the clear economic philosophy that is present in the entire Buddhist theory.
By Bellanwila Wimalaratana in Buddhism Society and Environment
Translation: Chhan Iam
Yo ca vassatna jive kosito hina viryo ekahama jivetam seiya viriyam araphatna A person who is lazy and lazy. With weak efforts, even if he lives for a hundred years, it is not as good as living even one day of a person who is strong and diligent.
(Dhamma)
Attanameva puma padrirupe nivesaye athana manusasaseya n kilesabaiyya bantho. One should first establish himself in proper virtue, and then teach others, so that it will not be difficult.
(Dhamma)
Hinam dhamma sevayya pamatena n samva se miccha dithini n sevayya n siya Lokavadhana​ . One should not commit lowly deeds, should not live with insults, should not hold wrong views, should not live just to narrow the world.
(Dhamma) The view of the lower benefits is the four qualities that have been mentioned, and this is the duty to be practiced in order to have happiness in the present and in the future in old age. In this very nature, consider the lower benefits as the foundation to be a stepping stone for further reaching the higher benefits.
If only the lower benefits are not fulfilled well, what ability will there be to grasp the higher benefits! Therefore, do not have the thought of looking down on these lower benefits because they are the manifestations of the Buddha.
May everyone know the benefits according to the things that have been mentioned and act accordingly in order to achieve the happiness that you desire.
(Kharasavasdharma Lesson, Three Benefits - Pitakathakatha No. 48, Sandhana, Pages 251-259)

Khmer proverb
Taktchae Penh Phut, Explanatory essay
This proverb has the following meaning:
“Tak” is the sound of dripping water. “Phut” is a round, long, hollow object with a mouth and a bottom for placing other objects. For example, a palm water pipe, a pipe for pouring palm water. (Khmer dictionary)
“Takchae Penh Phut” means being frugal, doing something slowly, with perseverance, patience, and effort until you get the full result.
What does this proverb teach?
Khmer ancestors wanted to teach men and women to be patient and persistent in doing something slowly, starting from a small amount, without forcing or rushing to get results too quickly.
This proverb teaches sons and daughters to strive to learn, complete work, or make a living with patience, tolerance, thrift, and strive to overcome obstacles, not to give up easily. Do something by starting with little and working hard. Do this, and you will definitely succeed in the future.
How does this proverb relate to Khmer culture?
From the time of our ancestors to the present, Khmer people have many examples of people who have persevered, tried, and worked hard to overcome obstacles until they succeeded. In the Khmer literature, the story of Kolap Pailin, the male character named Chao Chet, who only has the status of a diamond miner, is a hardworking, patient, and thorough worker. Chao Chet works hard until his boss is satisfied, and his boss's bride is also satisfied with Chao Chet. Chao Chet's accumulation of good deeds, hard work, and perseverance make him achieve his dream. In the end, he gets Khun Naray as his wife. He becomes the daughter-in-law of the owner of the diamond in Pailin province. As the Khmer proverb says, “Strive to succeed” or “Be patient, don’t be lazy, otherwise you won’t get what you want.”
There are many people in the world who show examples of working hard from small to high, going through many failures, but never giving up until they achieve great success. For example, Bill Gates, Steve Jobs, Thomas Thompson, Jack Ma, etc., etc. They all started slowly, saving money from small amounts, and going through countless obstacles. They all overcame difficulties to achieve victory and fame to this day. We have all seen and are using the achievements that come from hard work.
Comment
All work, whether small, large, or small, is based on a clear goal: to struggle and strive little by little, without giving up on what they are doing, and finally succeed as desired. Seeing this, the Khmer ancestors raised a proverb as a piece of advice to future generations: "Taktae penh tup".
How does this proverb embody the ideals and content?
To make it easier to interpret the above proverb more clearly, it is first necessary to understand some key words, such as "tup" and "taktae!" etc. The word "tup" refers to a container for carrying water, which can be made of bamboo or resin, for carrying water, especially palm oil, while "taktae" means the sound of dripping water. Through the entire proverb, one can see the literal meaning as referring to the drops of palm oil gradually becoming a full tube of palm oil, like a gradual struggle, finally achieving the desired result.
Of course, those who succeed never give up, those who give up never succeed. All jobs always have obstacles. The important thing is to be patient, endure fatigue, and endure hardship, but this does not mean avoiding work, but must always do it until the last breath. In fact, there are twenty to thirty students in a class, but the number of successful students is very small, and most of them are mediocre, weak, and have difficulty competing with the strong peers around them. Excellent students are those who have worked hard from the beginning, accumulating all the knowledge they have learned from teachers, friends, relatives, and people around them. They have absorbed all these things with the utmost care, without being distracted by the game of women and wine. People are never born successful immediately, and students are the same, all of them rely on this ability to work hard.
In addition, it is observed that many rich or billionaires can succeed because they refuse to give up on the obstacles in front of them. They have broken through with their sharp determination. For example, Bill Gates, Jack Ma, and Steve Jobs were able to achieve their achievements by being creative and having experienced failure over and over again. In the end, their struggle also achieved satisfactory results and made people around the world write about them and be worthy of imitation.
Of course, if you look at Khmer literature, it is even clearer. For example, in Kolap Pailin, a work written by Nyok Time, it is reflected Through the actions of the character Chao Chet, who is only a diamond miner, Chao Chet never hates work, even under the hot sun, Chao Chet dares to sacrifice his strength to work with all his heart and with great care. Moreover, Chao Chet even secretly loves Khun Naray, the daughter of his father. Chao Chet's desire has not faded. Finally, Chao Chet achieved both work and success in love. These all come from patience and knowing how to work slowly from the first step to the last step, which makes Mr. Luang Rattanasam and Khun Naray very satisfied.
According to the above explanation, it is more clear that every task or plan must be done in the first step, slowly, not too hastily, so that the fruits of love will be pleasing to the heart.
Through the above simple explanation, it can be concluded that this proverb really embodies many educational values, which cultivates everyone to be careful and patient. As a student, as well as all Cambodian citizens, we should be able to study hard and work hard, so that we will have no regrets in life.
An ancient Khmer proverb says: “Tak tại phận tốp!”. What is the educational meaning of this proverb? Khmer ancestors want to teach us: There are some things we need to be patient. For example: You learn to swim. You can’t learn in one day. But if you try every day, you will definitely be able to swim one day. Therefore, don’t lose hope and be patient in everything you do in life. Be patient and try!. Efforts to benefit the public both in the present and the future, or to benefit each individual to come into being. Pathanak means effort, trying to benefit the public both in the present and the future, or to benefit each individual to come into being, is called pathanak.
The word that is a verb has many types, such as the word viryā, which means courage, power, and the ability to strive to fulfill the benefits to the end. Paragkam: means to move forward without slowing down, even if there are obstacles: no matter how much they hinder, you will not be excited, trembling, or shocked. Ussah: means to have patience, perseverance, and determination to do everything. Udana: means to give up laziness and get up and start working without getting tired. Madha: means to burn the heat or pull the things that cause defilements to come out of the mind. Chitta: means to have a strong enthusiasm for everything. Athitam: means to do something that happens at the right time and does not wait, does not hesitate, does it immediately, does not let time pass. Appadivaani: means to do something that has not been completed, does not retreat, does not give up on that task.
Writing: Effort, Success, Part 1
In this world, people always want a good life full of happiness. But in life, everyone always has obstacles that prevent them from achieving success. Difficult problems and situations occur in a hurry, making people almost give up. For those who have a strong spirit and determination, they do not give up halfway. They only strive to overcome small and large obstacles little by little, even if they are tired and exhausted, they persevere and try their best until they achieve the expected success. Therefore, there is a saying that (Perseverance leads to success).
(Speaker: One saying that (Perseverance leads to success). Explain with examples from society and literature.)
What does this proverb mean?
To help explain the above statement clearly, it is necessary to understand the meaning of the words perseverance and determination first. Striving is the effort to strive hard. The word determination refers to the result of a desire. The meaning of the speaker wants to show that a person's perseverance in the work he wants will definitely meet success.
Of course, effort is a powerful act that will make your wishes come true. This is because perseverance is a unique strength and has the power to solve problems and break down obstacles. As we know, every task that people do cannot immediately achieve the desired results. Sometimes it takes a long time, sometimes it fails or the results are not as desired. Therefore, only by trying as much as possible, little by little, from little to more, exploring good ways, experimenting, practicing, and being full of confidence, whether sooner or later success will come, do not despair at all. The benefits of all efforts have been achieved as determined, making life strong, the future prosperous, and the nation progressing. In fact, some students who want to become professors, teachers, doctors, engineers, each one strives to strive without fear of fatigue, sometimes encountering difficult life, lack of money to study, competitive exams, encountering failure, almost giving up hope, but because of perseverance and not giving up faith, they finally achieve the goal of obtaining the skills they want to become civil servants and have a very comfortable life. While some individuals start from small roles, day by day they strive to do their work with care. After many years, they develop themselves higher and get better positions as managers, CEOs, and have a very large salary. For farmers, farming encounters all kinds of obstacles and takes a long time to get results. Some years, suffering from crop damage by floods or pests, they have to struggle again until they get satisfactory results. Looking at the literary work Kolap Pailin by the writer Nhok Thayem, he shows a life of struggle The orphaned Chao Chet has a commendable level of effort. Chao Chet strives to study to the degree of Prakas Niyaptra. When his father died, Chao Chet lived alone. After receiving advice from a good doctor, Chao Chet went to work at Mr. Luang Rattanasambat's house as a jade worker. This work requires physical strength to withstand the heat and rain. Chao Chet does not complain and is honest and knows how to help Khun Naray. Mr. Luang Rattanasambat makes the two see the ability of the mind and perseverance. Khun Naray, who used to hate Chao Chet before, turned into love and satisfaction to share life with Chao Chet until the end of his days.
Writing: Effort, Success, Part 2 (End)
The story of Tum Teav, the literary work of the monk Som, also has content related to effort. Tum Bos studied since he was a child at Wat Vihear Thom and worked hard to learn the profound knowledge of education. In addition to studying numbers, Tum learned to read until he was proficient in the skills and received the titles of the king that he wanted. If there was no mother to hinder his happiness, Tum would certainly live in peace and prosperity. In the ancient literature, the story of the Mahavesant Bodhisattva, the character of the Vesant Bodhisattva, has one desire: to become enlightened as a Buddha to save all people from suffering and go to Nirvana. He had to save his life by donating five kinds of alms: wealth, body, life, children, and wife. Among these great alms, it was not easy to fulfill, and he had to face many conflicts. For example, when he donated an elephant and a dragon to the people of Kalinga, it made the people of Srei Piras angry and expelled him from the kingdom. Vessantara followed the people without regretting the kingdom and traveled to Mount Kirivangat, willing to endure all kinds of hardships without complaining until the people stopped being angry and invited him to come and reign. All the great donations yielded results for him to become the Buddha as he had desired. Speaking of the story of the Bodhisattva, the Bodhisattva was born with only one purpose: to practice virtue and avoid the sin of killing. After hearing that his father had sentenced the four thieves to death so severely, the Bodhisattva seemed afraid that when he grew up, he would be sentenced to death as a king like his father. He also made himself deaf and mute for fifteen years. Once a year, his father had him tested to see if the Bodhisattva would be free from his disability and be able to rule the kingdom. But the Bodhisattva did not move or feel anything. The father also ordered the chief to bury the royal child outside the palace. After losing his power, he rose up and went to build a house to fulfill his dream. Finally, in the folk tale of a husband and wife who spread the sea water, the characters of a husband and wife spread the sea water to get gold, diamonds, and glass beads according to their dreams. Both the husband and wife tried to spread the water little by little until the sea water was about to overflow. The frightened fish stopped the husband and wife and gave the husband and wife a large amount of diamonds and glass beads to enjoy for the rest of their lives. In short, effort is sure to be successful. Whatever work there are always obstacles as long as people strive to succeed because what people achieve always starts from patience, using both physical strength, wisdom, and time until they get the desired results.
Through the explanation above, we can conclude that the main idea mentioned really has a profound meaning, not only does it imply a high educational value. Everyone wants success in life, and no success comes without effort. Therefore, if people want a better life, they must struggle against all obstacles and never give up hope. Then life will surely bring happiness.
Effort is successful
“There is a mouth to speak, hands to do, and feet to walk.” This is true (Satyanamut).
Although creating an account on the Internet is easy, but if it is lost due to a bad person, now I feel sorry for the loss of my dear and beloved friends with whom we used to communicate every day. But even so, I still have hope and look for those friends again. Whatever I used to do, I have to try harder, but try to do it in a way that is suitable for the Buddha’s theory that “Effort is successful, but do not try in the wrong way.”
Effort is successful as desired
Definition: Saving little by little can achieve your goals.
Commentary
All kinds of work are born from all efforts, because if you do not try, you will definitely not reach the goal. In addition, effort is the root of all decisions and all intentions. Even studying takes effort as a result to reach and grasp the desired decision.
In this sense, he also thinks that making alms should also be done gradually until you achieve the desired result. For example:
• A small termite tries to collect dust and pile it up in one place, and over time it forms a large pile.
• A sculptor tries to carve a stone slab little by little, and eventually it appears in various images that suit your needs.
• A poor man tries to save money little by little, and over time he becomes a big businessman.
• A young man tries to study hard until he becomes a doctor.

Let's all read the following story to educate our children:
Fairy Tale
The Story of the Ant and the Ant

This story has an ending in the French tradition. There was a lazy ant. When the season of the month of Pesach, the rainy season, came, it flew away. Let us play according to our own will, and we should not worry about finding food for ourselves. There was a group of ants, which were carnivores, who brought rice and stored it in their nests, thinking that poverty would follow. When the rainy season came, the ants could not find food to eat. They were very hungry, so they flew to borrow rice from the ants and said, "My dear, my dear, I have nothing to depend on. This month the rains are very heavy and I will not be able to find food. I have come here to ask for a loan of rice. I will wait until the dry season comes, when I will repay you. Please have mercy on me and help me to get rid of this poverty, my dear." When the ants heard this, they asked, "My dear, when the dry season began, why did you not look for food for yourself? What were you worried about?" The ants replied, "My dear! We have no work to do, we are busy flying around in the forest, singing and playing as we please, so we have no food to eat.” The ant said, “Well, how did you sing in the beginning? Now, you should find a song to sing and play. Let’s sing and dance. Don’t stop. This singing and dancing game is for your livelihood. Please continue singing. I will listen to you.” The ant replied, “Oh! My dear, you are almost starving to death. How can you go and sing and dance? Please share some of your rice with us.” The ant replied, “We also have some rice, but we will keep it for our relatives and relatives, and we will have more to share with you. You can’t go and borrow it from others.” When the ant heard the words, it was wise to fly away from there towards the abode of the self, suffering from hunger and thirst, and going hungry according to its nature. Listen to this story, and see how it is compared to wisdom. Go ahead.
The disciple replied, "Please, tell me this story to a lazy person who does business with others. When the season for farming comes, he does not work with them, and that season ends. Thus, poverty and hardship also befall that person. Because of the power of gambling, he no longer thinks about business and work, and goes to borrow money to eat. Whoever wants it, he also takes care of it. He also endures suffering according to his karma. Just as ants borrow rice but are not given it, so do they.

(Song of Verse 7)

On a green, green field, under the bright sunlight

A group of ants worked hard to find food to store.

The ant is eager to pull its legs and arms, trying to crawl,
Finding food to store in the barn, saving for the rainy season.
Even though it is hot and difficult, it endures, the ant tries to bring food
Preparing to cook for the family in the rainy season.
There is a ants not far away, singing and dancing happily without suffering
Not worrying about the future, not finding food to support itself.
When the ants are working hard, the ants say,
Why are you trying so hard to hurt yourself? Come and dance with your strength.
The ant replies to the ants,
I have a lot of work to do
Collect food and store it somewhere, you should think about it.
The ants respond without worrying about the rainy season
There is no shortage of food, now we dance and sing.
The rain is falling, the wind is cold, the ants are worried because they have run out of food
Looking at the ants, they have eaten, because they have worked hard.
Now I realize that I am wrong, I am too happy to forget my work
When I am hungry, I know that I should work hard in my free time.
Don't have fun without rules, be careful not to waste anything
(Excerpt from Fairy Tales and Tales, Part 3)
The Story of the Mother
The Story of the Mother teaches people to know how to do business and respect the truth.
The Story of the Mother is a folk tale that is in the genre of folk tales. Old and old teachers often tell their children to listen to them, especially girls, and the teachings of parents who often use this story as an example for their daughters to understand their own actions that are wrong in the preparation and storage of the wealth earned by their husbands. Not only that, this story also shows the art of relationships in social life. Let me present the main content of the Story of the Mother as follows.
Once upon a time...there was a king named Brahmadatta Soiraj in the city of Benares. At that time, in the city there was a poor man, a husband and wife. The wife was beautiful and attractive to all, but she was a miser and hated by her relatives and friends. One day, Manap and his wife went to fish, but the net broke because his wife did not know how to take care of it. When the husband caught the fish, it went out through the hole. After fishing for a long time, they approached a large ship. The captain and his wife looked from the ship and saw the net broken. The captain's wife said, "Why don't you bring something to feed the fish so that it doesn't come out?" Hearing this, the captain was angry and sent her down to live with Manap. The captain of the ship, Manap, took Manap's wife, who was a beautiful woman. She was Manap's new wife, so she took the net and went to find something to feed the fish that she had caught, so that it wouldn't come out. She followed Manap all the way. When she returned home, she ordered her husband, a poor man, to take the fish to the relatives of the wealthy. The neighbors were all surprised because the old man and his wife were not kind. When they visited Manap's house, they learned that Manap had a new wife with a good reputation. One day, Manap went into the forest to cut firewood. When he returned, his wife saw that the wood was all valuable wood. She told her husband to cut it into bundles and hire a neighbor's cart to carry it to the store. When the merchant went to buy it, she sold many of her possessions and prepared to build a large house and hire servants. The points mentioned above teach us to organize, store, and take care of the wealth we have earned, so that our lives and families can prosper. Continue From that, in the same story, the story also shows the communication with prominent people and officials, so that life becomes more prosperous and strong. For example, in the story, the husband also knows the grandson, the grandson, the grandson, the grandson, the grandson, etc. One day, the wife told her husband that she wanted her husband to learn to run as fast as he wanted, and the husband followed suit and ran until he was no longer tired. The wife saw that her husband ran fast and had plenty of strength, so she took him to meet the officials so that her husband could serve the king. One day, the king went to the forest. The grandson told his wife to prepare food to join the royal procession. The wife also prepared for her husband and prepared food for the king. She thought that the king would be separated from all the officials, only the grandson managed to go. With satisfaction from the grandson's service, the king gave him the name "Grandson of the Grandson". When he was hungry, my uncle said, "There is a piece of bread for you to eat." After he had eaten to his heart's content, he lay down on my uncle's lap and said that he would tell me a story. Before he could tell it, he passed away. These show a good relationship, a sense of acceptance, and love between a ruler and his people. In addition to having a relationship with people, especially leaders, they must also uphold the truth. The story goes that at that time, there were devas who guarded the palm tree. Hearing that the king was telling stories to my uncle, they gathered together to collect myrrh from the palm tree. When they realized that the king was asleep, the devas were angry and the king was angry and did not keep his word. They thought that they would break the palm branch and force the king to die. If they did not do it now, the king would go to Borei and break the gate and force it to close. If they did not pass, the night and the night would turn into snakes and bite until the king's body was dead. Hearing this, my uncle woke up the king and took him through the three stages. In the last stage, when he killed the snake, the snake's blood spilled onto the goddess's chest. My uncle thought that if he woke up the snake's body, it would not be right to wipe it with his hand, so he put the snake's body under the snake's body and licked the blood that stained the queen's breasts. The goddess woke up, woke up the earth and said that my uncle had licked her breasts with his tongue. King Brahmadatta only heard this, but he was very angry. Without thinking long, he ordered the executioner to arrest my uncle and torture him all night. The above points clearly show that not honoring a promise will bring harm to oneself, and also clearly show that a great person is like fire. "From a distance it is cold, but when you get too close, it burns hot." But the word of truth still has power for those who respect it, especially those who follow the law. As the story goes, with the guards of the four directions preventing them, because the law of the kingdom does not allow people to be executed before dawn, each guard of the gate explained many reasons to the executioner so that the executioner would not execute my uncle and make the king regret it later. Speaking of King Brahmadatta, when he woke up and considered all the reasons, he saw that my uncle was very kind to him. He ordered Amata to run after the executioner and went to the executioner at the northern gate, which was the last gate, and brought my uncle back. King Brahmadatta asked my uncle and learned everything. King Brahmadatta apologized to my uncle and asked my uncle not to be angry with him, because he had given my uncle a suitable reward. Our grandfather returned to live with his wife in peace. According to this point, respecting the truth and valuing the law really brought peace. Speaking of the shipmaster, when he changed his wife, because his wife was a poor woman, she did not help in any business, only thinking about spending money when her son pooped, urinated, did not wash her, she always tore off new straw, wiped it, and threw it away without regret. All the gold and silver she had were also melted until she sold the ship to spend. When both of them ran out of money, the husband and wife went to ask for alms. After walking for a long time, they arrived at our grandfather's house. Our grandfather's wife saw him and called him for alms as usual and recognized him as her ex-husband, who used to be the shipmaster. Why is he now begging for alms? As for the ex-husband, when he saw him, he was ashamed and took his wife and children away. As the story above shows, no matter how much we earn, if we do not know how to take care of ourselves and save money, the wealth we have earned will surely disappear.

Buddhism has advised and taught people to do only good deeds and avoid doing bad deeds. In particular, it educates the mind to be good and pure and to apply it as a principle in their lives and in society. Buddhism has provided a perspective for educating people's minds to be free from suffering and to achieve peace, not a doctrine to burn incense or pray for prosperity. Knowledge in Buddhism is universal because it is a Buddha that preaches only the Law for sustaining human society and nature, a Buddha based on the truth, the reality of birth and death of nature, and on practical reasons. The word "Dharma" in Buddhism is nothing more than the science of telling the truth, the science of giving truth, a general Dharma for applying in solving social problems and for sustaining the world. Buddhism has provided happiness and prosperity to human society. The Buddha did not seek happiness for people only for the future of the nation, his first and foremost goal was to help people and human society to be happy in this nation and to teach people to live and use time in the present. The past is gone, the future has not yet arrived. Therefore, we humans cannot grasp the past and the future. Everything is always in the present.
Buddhism teaches people that “I am "Self-reliance" means that only oneself can help oneself.
Purity and impurity, prosperity and prosperity depend on oneself, no one can build for oneself or take their place. Pure deeds always bring prosperity and well-being, so in order to be happy, successful and happy, each individual should strive to do many good deeds because good deeds have given people in society dignity, high status and happiness at all times, both now and in the future. The Dharma that the Buddha expressed emphasizes the truth, knowing the truth, seeing the truth according to the true nature. The Buddha taught people to know the good path, should act as a path that leads people of all ages to be good, to grow and bring peace. The Buddha was a sociologist. He saw the suffering in human society, so he dedicated his physical strength and mental strength to society by sacrificing all kinds of happiness to help solve human social problems.
In particular, for our Khmer society, Buddhism has created a pure belief in good deeds, truth, honesty and justice. All of these are essential factors in encouraging Cambodian society and people to be virtuous, humane, and strive to build good deeds for peace, happiness, and prosperity. Not only that, Buddhism also helps preserve Cambodian cultural and traditional values, and solve all kinds of problems peacefully and non-violently. Buddhism has educated our Cambodians to be resilient, intelligent, active, conscientious, thoughtful, righteous, just, confident in their own abilities and strengths, and to help each other. Buddhism is the foundation of social progress and happiness by educating people and society to do only good deeds, such as being non-harmful, non-violent, non-grudgery, non-greedy, understanding, compassionate, saving others, benevolent, moral, charitable, honest, non-harassing, tolerant, and non-violent. If all people in society and in the world do only these things, peace and happiness will surely come to human society and the world.

Prepared by:
- Student Tholl Un, graduated with a bachelor's degree in Khmer literature from Preah Sihanouk Royal University
- Graduated with a bachelor's degree in Information Technology from Bealprai University
Address: Syaampil Village, Baray Commune, Srey Santor District, Kampong Cham Province.
References
Dhammabal Khieu Chum, Book (World of Chinese)
Udomprija Chap Pin, Book (Three Benefits)
Professor Mahadhamma Gurukool Prak Prum (Buddhism and Social Problems)
Chhon Iam, Book (Buddhist Economic Philosophy)
Mr. San Sochea, Book (Three Benefits)
(Lesson of the Dharma, Three Benefits - Pitak Athkatha No. 48, Sandhana, Pages 251-259)

Download